Signals are used in front of citations to alert the reader as to how that citation is being used. The style manual used by the new york state law reporting bureau. The first citation here directly supports the statement and the accord signal and second citation indicates another source that supports it. Treaty citations treaty research guides at georgetown. School of government legal citation and style guide. In thinking of the bluebook, i have been reminded of big blue, the ibm corporation. R7 italicization for style and in unique circumstances. This rule and its examples have been revised to include a comma after the abbreviation for editor or translator. These tables give the various abbreviations for the u.
It also includes the standard abbreviations for these sources. Legal citations are stylized with introductory signals which indicate whether a prior case supports or weakens an argument, and whether it is an exact match to the current situation, or only partly analogous. Editors of the yale law journal have announced that the bluebook. Not only are these abbreviations devoid of creativity, they are required by many legal jurisdictions in the. Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. The bluebook, is the definitive style guide for legal citation in the united states. I must start by thanking the law reporting bureau of the state of new york for inviting me to write the foreword for the 2012 style manual. Introductory signals appear at the beginning of citation sentences.
Whitepages bluebook guide libguides at university of. If you prefer to search by state supreme court or court of appeals exclusively, click on the links in the left hand navigation bar for supreme court or court of appeals abbreviations. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. This signal, an abbreviation of the latin exempli gratia, means for example.
Selfcontained chapters on sources make the book flexible for any type of legal research course. Common abbreviations legal citation research guides at. Accord used following citation to authority referred to in text when there are additional authorities that either state or clearly support the proposition with which. If a citation is part of a citation sentence abbreviate all words listed on table t.
In academic legal writing, law journals, citations are placed in footnotes. Also adds instruction that the rules regarding court filings also. Often, it is best to use the bluebook index, look up abbreviations and consult the categories for abbreviations listed there. Citation practices and the bluebook cuny school of law.
Accord is used here to show that the law of another jurisdiction, in this case. Accord accord is commonly used when two or more sources state or clearly support the proposition, but the text quotes or. Nevertheless, in order to correctly cite your sources, an understanding of the bluebook is essential. The law library has many copies available at law reserve, reference, and at the reference desk, via call number kf 245. To help you in deciphering these acronyms, you should refer to the abbreviation materials noted to the right or below. Used to refer to 2 or more authorities that support the proposition, but only when the text refers to an authority or quotation see used when the proposition in the text is not directly stated in the cited. It is used in most united states law schools and court systems to properly cite and abbreviate court cases in parenthetical citation sentences of legal documents. The indigo book was compiled by a team of students at the new york university school of law, working under the direction of professor christopher jon sprigman. Basic bluebook rules to improve the quality of your basic bluebook citations consistently apply the following rules. A practical guide to clear and powerful writing to the point. Although it is intended to highlight the bluebook, and not substitute for it, we hope this guide provides a convenient, delawarespecific resource for the superior courts judicial officers, law clerks, interns, externs, and staff.
Before we delve into some bluebook basics, please note that while the bluebook is the. Many times when doing foreign legal research, you will run across an abbreviation youve never seen before. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. A uniform system of citation is a legal style guide. The following chart sets out the key differences between the abbreviations for the most commonly used sources under the style sheet and the bluebook.
For sources published outside of california, it is common to add california or cal to the code or abbreviation, e. Citation rules for court documents and legal memoranda. If you do not know what the abbreviations in rule 21. The bluebook legal citation guide now available online yale. To the point is an online writing course for tax professionals accountants and attorneys. Bluebook guide 20th ed powerpoint from penn state law. Below is a list of state supreme court and court of appeals abbreviations. Always use a signal unless 1 the cited authority directly states the proposition in the text. Despite their cursory treatment in the bluebook, signals are important tools of legal.
Every case name must be checked against the abbreviations chart in the bluebook table t. Undoubtedly, table 6 abbreviations for case names has become ridiculous, and the interaction between rules 16. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Importantly, however, it documents the many respects in which contemporary legal writing, very often following guidelines set out in court rules or style guides, diverges from the citation formats specified. Accord is used when two or more sources state or support the proposition, but the text quotes or refers to only one. For each word in the journalpublication title, look at both sections of table to see if there is an abbreviation listed for that word. Below is the list of standard docket text abbreviations adopted by this court, as well as a list of. A common use of this signal is to show that two different jurisdictions agree.
Case name abbreviations table 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. This relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory. This book, available in the law librarys practical skills collection, will help you learn bluebook citation. Legal citations legal reference sources research guides. Unlike the remainder of the bluebook, which is designed in a style and at a level of complexity commensurate with the needs of the law journal publication process, the bluepages provide easytocomprehend guidance for the everyday citation needs of firstyear law. Jan 15, 2019 abbreviations for foreign countries materials are found in table 2. Abbreviations the second section of the style sheet sets out the abbreviations to be used for washington sources. Using a buildingblock approach, the textbook breaks material into discrete, readily comprehensible parts.
Take a look at the list below to find which common words in case names are abbreviated according to the bluebook and how you should abbreviate them. It is important that what you are citing is considered good law, as many cases will go through multiple appeals over its lifetime. An open implementation of a system of legal citation. Blue colored tables pages citation in court documents and legal memoranda authorities that support or contradict entire sentences in text are given in separate citation sentences that begin with capital letter and end with period. Note, however, that this instrument is not intended for legal documents. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments.
In footnotes, signals may be used as the verbs of textual sentences. Find out what is the most common shorthand of kelley blue book on abbreviations. Further, textual citations are expected to be given in a particular order as specified by the blue book. Accord is used when more than one source substantiates a. Basic layout bluebook 101 library guides at university of. The bluebook legal citation guide now available online editors of the yale law journal have announced that the bluebook. You make an assertion about the law you quote directly from a legal source. Accord accord is commonly used when two or more sources state or clearly support the proposition, but the text quotes or refers to only one.
With its help, you can cite academic sources like you would do it in any other style without having to consult the monstrously detailed style guide. Wondering how to create the section symbol in microsoft word. This page provides bluebook a uniform system of citation, 19th ed. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. The webs largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations. In law, a citation or introductory signal is a set of phrases or words used to clarify the authority. American law reports recently started two new series of annotations, a. History of bluebook the development of the bluebook from its inception in 1926 as a twentysixpage pamphlet.
Basic layout bluebook 101 library guides at university. Include material that would otherwise be included in parenthetical explanations as part of the sentence itself, and do not italicize the signals. For generations, law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation. Cited authority supports a proposition different from the main proposition but is sufficiently. The bluebook is a style guide for legal citation in the united states that is used by lawyers, scholars, judges, law students, paralegals, and others involved in the legal profession. Note that in footnotes, words other than the first word in each partys name are subject to the abbreviation rule. A reference guide for attorneys, legal secretaries, paralegals, and law students. Abbreviations to regional reporters legal abbreviations.
Using our bluebook legal citation generator can make legal citing much easier for you. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. Apr 01, 2020 the whitepages, which follow the bluepages, are mostly intended for use in law journals. Cardiff index to legal abbreviations this free online resources will help you to decipher citations to unfamiliar treaty sources. Legal citation and style guide contents introduction north carolina cases 2 case reporters 3 official case reporters 3. Some legal citations use the full name of the code, while others use abbreviations. The bluebook legal citation guide now available online. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. Outlines the basic structure of legal citations, including cases law, statutes, and administrative rules and. The indigo book isnt the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation that the bluebook does. State court abbreviations bluebook quick reference. I hope you will enjoy baby blue s manual of legal citation and that you will join me in extending my congratulations to professor sprigman and his students on the excellent job they have performed in recoding those rules. For a detailed discussion on where to place the numbers. How to cite the amendments in bluebook format legal beagle.
Legal abbreviations abbreviations to regional reporters search this guide search. The bluebook is a style guide for legal citation in the united states that is used by lawyers, scholars, judges, law students, paralegals, and others involved in the legal. In fact there is little uniformity in the use of the signals by law clerks and other legal writers. The signal accord comes after another citation that supports the proposition. Abbreviated reporter names can be found in table t1 of the blue book. Do not use a signal with a citation when you have directly borrowed someone elses words or have paraphrased her words or ideas. Toggle navigation introduction to basic legal citation. The indigo book isn t the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform. Institution names are provided in the first section t. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. Accord accord is used when two or more sources state or support the proposition, but the text quotes or refers to only one.
Required abbreviations for case names in citations. The blog offers tips and tricks that complement the issues and examples. These uniform abbreviations are used by all docket clerks when typing entries on the docket sheet. Sloan is known for its clear, stepbystep instruction in the basics. Similarly, the law of one jurisdiction may be cited as being in accord with the law of another.
The remainder of the bluebook employs a more complex array of typeface. While holding down the key, type in 0167 on the number pad. Search by abbreviation to identify the full name of the treaty source or search by title to determine the correct abbreviation for a treaty source. Just the mention of bluebook citation will usually elicit groans from your listener. Prior and subsequent history citations allow you to cite a particular opinion while giving reference to all opinions for the case. The basics of legal citation including citation styles bluebook and alwd. The abbreviations for the name of the court and the jurisdiction are required in the parenthetical, with some exceptions.
In defense of the bluebook justia law blog june 8, 2011. The abbreviation of case names is governed by rule 10. The bluepages keep the tradition of underscoring certain text. For help identifying an unfamiliar abbreviation in a source, consider. A uniform system of citation is now available online. A citation informs the reader where the writer obtained. The bluebook is the resource all attorneys and legal scholars use to properly cite and format legal documents.
Legal writers often use accord to indicate that the law of one jurisdiction is in accord with that of another jurisdiction. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Table helps you construct the appropriate abbreviations for journalpublication titles. Outlines the basic structure of legal citations, including cases law, statutes, and administrative rules and regulations. That qualifier mostly is there because the rules in the bluepages often refer to the whitepages for the full rule. Understanding and mastering the bluebook pages 99100. As has been true of all editions released since 2010, it is also indexed to the the bluebook and the alwd guide to legal citation. I am so pleased to recognize our outstanding state reporter, bill hooks, who succeeded to the position in june 2009. To the point publications, llc offers to the point.
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